Advanced Valuation

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The calculator results should not be construed as personal investment advice. All calculations are estimates only. The investor is responsible for reviewing the data.

Choose the valuation basis

Distinguish enterprise value from equity value. A valuation based on cash flows available to all capital providers needs a consistent treatment of debt and cash before estimating equity value. A per-share estimate also requires a share count that reflects the dilution assumption.

Hypothetical discounted-cash-flow example

Suppose a business generates 100 units of free cash flow at the end of each of the next five years, with a discount rate of 10%. The present value of those five payments is approximately 379.08 units. This illustration excludes terminal value, debt and cash, so it is not a complete equity valuation.

Test the terminal assumptions

A perpetual-growth terminal value divides the following year cash flow by the discount rate minus the long-term growth rate. The discount rate must exceed the growth rate. Small changes can produce large differences, so compare several assumptions and explain why each is plausible.

Check the inputs before using an estimate

Keep currency, reporting periods and share units consistent. Separate historical results from forecasts. Review cash conversion, reinvestment needs and debt before interpreting an apparent discount. No model output guarantees a future trading price.